Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC)
The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is an important wrist structure supporting the carpal bones. It helps stabilise the radius and ulna during gripping and forearm rotation.
A TFCC tear can result in chronic wrist pain and reduced function. Due to its complex structure, TFCC injuries are relatively common, mostly occurring from trauma, repetitive strain, or degenerative wear over time.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of a TFCC tear or injury is pain on the exterior of the wrist, especially when touched or during movement. Other common symptoms include:
- Stiffness or weakness of the wrist
- Limited range of motion in the hand or wrist
- Swelling in the wrist
- Clicking or popping sounds during wrist movement
- Reduced grip strength and difficulty holding objects
Risk Factors
Whereas everybody can develop TFCC tears, some individuals have a greater risk:
- Athletes and active individuals: Those who often use a bat, racquet or club, as well as gymnasts, are more prone to TFCC tears.
- People above 50: Degenerative tears are more common as you age.
- Chronic inflammation: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or gout can cause wrist damage with time.
Causes
A TFCC damage can result from:
- Overuse
- Physical injury
- Ageing
TFCC tears are categorised into these 2 types:
- Type 1: Caused by trauma such as falling on an extended hand or over-rotating the wrist.
- Type 2: Develops gradually with time because of underlying conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or gout.
The kind of TFCC tear one has will determine the appropriate treatment plan recommended by the doctor.
Diagnosis
A healthcare provider can diagnose TFCC damage through a thorough wrist examination and imaging tests, including X-ray and MRI.
An MRI is the most effective diagnostic tool, as it provides detailed images of the tissue and cartilage. This makes it easy for the doctor to assess the severity of the injury.
Treatment for TFCC Tears
Many TFCC tears can be managed with the following self-care:
- Applying ice to the joint for at least ten minutes at a time
- Using compression with an ace bandage
- Taking over-the-counter pain relievers like Ibuprofen or Naproxen to manage pain and swelling
If conservative treatments are ineffective, these options may be recommended:
- Bracing, splinting, or casting to stabilise the wrist
- Prescription pain medicine for discomfort and inflammation
- Physical therapy to stretch, strengthen and improve wrist mobility
Minimal invasive surgery may be necessary for ongoing TFCC tears. The commonly performed procedure is arthroscopy. With this procedure, an orthopaedic surgeon repairs the damaged region through small cuts along the outer wrist.
Conclusion
A TFCC tear can cause persistent wrist pain and limit daily activities, but effective treatment options are available. Early intervention, whether through self-care, physical therapy, or medical treatment, can help restore function as well as lower discomfort.
If you experience ongoing wrist pain or suspect a TFCC tear, don’t wait. Book an appointment today to discuss your treatment options and take the first step toward recovery.