Shoulder Impingement Book Now

Shoulder Impingement

Shoulder impingement occurs when the upper outer edge of the scapula (shoulder blade) presses against the rotator cuff under it. This condition, also called impingement syndrome, involves pinching within the joint, leading to pain, particularly during movement.

Types of Shoulder Impingement

Shoulder impingement may be categorised into specific conditions such as:

  • Rotator cuff tendinitis: This occurs when the rotator cuff tendons become irritated or swollen. Since tendinitis is associated with tendon inflammation, any damage or irritation can trigger swelling and result in impingement.
  • Shoulder bursitis: Bursitis is the inflammation of a bursa, a fluid-filled sac that cushions joints. When the bursa between the rotator cuff and acromion swells, it can contribute to impingement symptoms.
  • Acromion deformity: Normally, the acromion is flat, but if it’s curved or hooked, it may press against the rotator cuff. Some individuals are also born with an irregular acromion, whereas others develop bone spurs over time, increasing the risk of impingement.

Symptoms

Pain is the primary symptom of shoulder impingement, often felt at the front of the shoulder. This pain might as well:

  • Cause tenderness when touched.
  • Radiate from the front of the shoulder towards the side of the arm.
  • Worsen at night, making it harder to sleep.

The pain may also intensify with particular motions or positions, such as:

  • Raising your arm overhead.
  • Lifting or lowering your arm.
  • Reaching for something.
  • Lying on the affected side.
  • Reaching behind your back, including grabbing a wallet or unzipping a bag.

Causes

Shoulder impingement is typically an overuse injury, developing when repeated movements put excessive strain on the rotator cuff and shoulder joint.

Movements that frequently cause impingement involve overhead rotation, where the arms are raised while twisting and turning the shoulders. This mostly occurs in sports training or jobs requiring repetitive motions.

In some cases, impingement occurs without a clear cause (idiopathic). Sudden trauma, such as a car accident, fall, or sports injury, can also lead to impingement.

Risk Factors

While anyone can develop shoulder impingement, athletes and those doing physically demanding jobs are at a higher risk. It often progresses gradually within weeks or months.

Sports activities likely to contribute to shoulder impingement are swimming, volleyball, baseball, and tennis.

On the other hand, jobs that exert pressure on the shoulder and cause impingement include construction, window cleaning, painting, and installing wallpaper or drywall.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing shoulder impingement involves a physical exam to assess your shoulder’s range of motion and pain levels. Be sure to state when your symptoms started and any activities, sports or work that involve repeated shoulder and arm movements.

Diagnostic tests:

To examine the shoulder joint, your provider can recommend imaging tests such as:

  • X-rays
  • Ultrasound
  • MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

These tests help visualise bones and soft tissues within the shoulder joint to identify impingement causes. Imaging tests are also useful in ruling out conditions like rotator cuff tears, shoulder arthritis, and biceps tendon injuries.

Treatment

To manage symptoms as well as restore function, your provider may recommend these treatment options:

  • Rest: Avoid activities, especially those that trigger the impingement.
  • Physical therapy: A therapist will guide you through stretches and exercises to improve strength and mobility.
  • Icing: Apply a cold pack wrapped in a thin towel to reduce swelling. Follow your provider’s instructions on frequency and duration.
  • Pain medications: Even though over-the-counter NSAIDs can help control pain and inflammation, they must not be taken for longer than ten days without a doctor’s prescription.
  • Corticosteroids: Cortisone injections into the shoulder joint can be given if necessary to decrease inflammation.
  • Surgery: If symptoms persist despite treatment, arthroscopic shoulder decompression may be necessary. This procedure removes a portion of the acromion to create more room for the rotator cuff. The surgeon will explain the specific procedure plus the recovery process.

Preventing Shoulder Impingement

To reduce the risk of shoulder impingement, follow these steps:

  • Stop activities immediately if you feel pain—don’t push through discomfort.
  • Warm-up and cool down to prepare your muscles before exercise.
  • Wear appropriate gear for sports or physical work.
  • Follow a healthy, balanced diet and exercise routine.
  • Seek medical advice if you experience pain or new symptoms appear.

Conclusion

Shoulder impingement can be frustrating, especially if it keeps you from your favourite activities. However, do not ignore tenderness, pain, or limited movement. Booking an appointment early can speed up recovery and help you safely return to what you enjoy.