Acromio-Clavicular Joint Sprain Book Now

Acromio-Clavicular Joint Sprain

The acromioclavicular (AC) joint links the shoulder blade (scapula) to the collarbone (clavicle). The acromion is the topmost part of the scapula. Ligaments, the tough connective tissues, attach the acromion to the clavicle. This forms the AC joint.

An acromioclavicular joint sprain usually happens due to an injury in the joint’s ligaments.

Symptoms of an AC Joint Sprain

Symptoms often depend on the injury’s severity and may include:

  • Shoulder pain
  • Tenderness when touched
  • Bruising
  • Swelling
  • Shoulder shape changes
  • A bulge above the joint in the shoulder
  • A drooping shoulder
  • An elevated collarbone
  • Restricted shoulder movement

Grading an AC Joint Sprain

AC joint sprains are categorised into 3 grades based on ligament damage severity. Symptoms typically correspond to the extent of the sprain.

Grade One AC Joint Sprain

This is the mildest form, whereby the ligament is stretched but not torn. Symptoms are mild pain, tenderness, and swelling in the shoulder while movement remains unaffected.

Grade Two AC Joint Sprain

This involves a partial or complete tear of the acromioclavicular ligament and a partial tear of the coracoclavicular ligament. Symptoms involve pain, tenderness, swelling, and a visible bump due to the scapula and top arm bone lowering. Shoulder use becomes difficult, even at rest, and stability is compromised.

Grade Three AC Joint Sprain

This grade is associated with a total rupture of both major ligaments that causes severe pain, swelling, and tenderness. A noticeable bump forms on the shoulder, and movement becomes highly restricted. Also, shoulder stability is significantly reduced due to ligament strength loss.

Causes and Risk Factors

An AC joint sprain often happens in sports involving falls or forceful contact. The impact can push the shoulder blade further from the collarbone, which stretches or tears supporting ligaments.

The most prevalent causes during sports activities are:

  • Falling directly onto the shoulder
  • Hard impact from an opponent or by hitting a wall
  • Carrying heavy objects that excessively sprain the joint

Sports with high AC joint injury risks include football, mountain biking, cycling, martial arts, snowboarding, skiing and hockey.

Upon spraining, the joint is more vulnerable to more injuries in the future. If not properly healed, damage can extend to surrounding bones and cartilage. Resuming activity too soon also increases the risk of worsening the injury. Even after full recovery, re-injury remains a concern.

Nonetheless, maintaining good physical condition can help reduce injury and sprain risks.

Diagnosis

Doctors diagnose an AC joint sprain through a physical exam and, if needed, imaging tests for a detailed view.

Physical examination:

The AC joint compression test is a common diagnostic method. The doctor presses on the joint from both sides—severe pain may indicate separation. They will also check for swelling, a visible bump, and limited movement while asking about the injury and pain levels.

Imaging tests:

An X-ray helps rule out fractures, whereas an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) can detect damage in other shoulder areas.

Treating AC Joint Sprain

AC joint sprain treatment depends on the severity of the sprain and any additional shoulder damage. Common approaches include:

  • Rest: Resting enables the shoulder to recover fully. Avoid activities that strain the joint, such as overhead reaching or sleeping on the injured shoulder.
  • Sling: Supports the shoulder and keeps the joint in the proper position for healing.
  • Cold packs: Minimise swelling and ease pain.
  • Medication: Prescription or non-prescription options help manage pain and inflammation.
  • Exercises: During recovery, arm and shoulder movements maintain mobility and strengthen surrounding muscles.

Preventing AC Joint Sprains

Having a strong AC joint and warming up appropriately can reduce injury risk. Major tips are:

  • Strengthen the shoulder with targeted exercises.
  • Maintain fitness for your chosen activity.
  • Warm up and stretch before physical exertion.
  • Use protective gear for added joint support.

When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider

Seek medical attention if you experience:

  • Fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or above, or as advised by your physician
  • Chills
  • Worsening or persistent symptoms
  • New or unexpected symptoms

Conclusion

Timely care and proper treatment are key to recovering from an AC joint injury and preventing further complications. Strengthening your shoulder, following medical advice, and taking preventive measures can help maintain joint health.

Book an appointment with us today for a proper evaluation and personalised treatment plan.