Baker’s Cyst Book Now

Baker’s Cyst

A Baker’s cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a fluid-filled swelling that develops behind the knee. It normally creates a noticeable bulge and a sensation of tightness. In some cases, it can be painful, with discomfort worsening during physical activity or when fully extending or bending the knee.

This condition normally results from an underlying issue with the knee joint, like arthritis or a cartilage tear. These two disorders can lead to excessive fluid production in the knee.

A Baker’s cyst may lead to swelling and pain; hence, addressing the root cause often helps alleviate symptoms.

Symptoms

A Baker’s cyst may not always trigger pain, and some people may not even notice it. However, when symptoms do occur, they comprise:

  • Knee pain
  • Swelling behind the knee, at times extending into the leg
  • Stiffness and difficulty fully bending the knee

These symptoms may worsen after physical activity or prolonged standing.

Causes

The knee contains a lubricating fluid known as synovial fluid, which helps reduce friction in moving areas and allows smooth movement. Nonetheless, certain conditions can cause the knee to produce excess synovial fluid. This leads to fluid collection at the back of the knee and, eventually, the formation of a Baker’s cyst.

Common causes include:

  • Knee joint inflammation, often associated with different types of arthritis
  • Knee injuries, including a cartilage tear

Diagnosis

A Baker’s cyst is usually identified through a physical examination. But because its symptoms can resemble those of more severe conditions like aneurysms, blood clots, or tumours, further evaluation may be needed.

To confirm the diagnosis and rule out other issues, a healthcare provider may order imaging tests such as ultrasound, X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Treatment

In some cases, a Baker’s cyst may resolve on its own without treatment. Mild symptoms are normally managed by steering clear of activities that worsen discomfort. Nevertheless, if the cyst is large or painful, treatment may be necessary.

Common treatment options include:

Medications:

Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB) can help ease discomfort and inflammation.

Cortisone injections into the knee can lessen inflammation, potentially shrinking the cyst and relieving pain. However, this may not prevent the cyst from returning.

Therapies:

Gentle workouts that improve flexibility and strengthen the muscles near the knee can help maintain function and reduce discomfort.

Surgical procedures:

  • Needle aspiration: Your doctor may use a needle to drain the cyst. Needle aspiration is often guided by ultrasound to effectively reduce cyst size.
  • Arthroscopic surgery: This may be necessary to empty the cyst and address any damage caused by an underlying knee problem, such as a cartilage tear, that is causing an excessive accumulation of fluid.
  • Cyst removal: In rare cases where other treatments are ineffective and the cyst significantly affects mobility or causes persistent pain, surgical removal may be considered.

Home Remedies

If a Baker’s cyst is caused by arthritis, your GP may recommend the following steps in order to help manage symptoms:

R.I.C.E. method:

  • Rest: Rest your leg to minimise strain.
  • Ice: Ice the knee to reduce swelling and discomfort.
  • Compress: Compress the knee using a sleeve, wrap or brace for added support.
  • Elevate: Elevate your leg whenever possible, particularly at night, to help reduce swelling.

Limit physical activity:

Reducing activity levels can help prevent further irritation of the knee joint. Your GP can advise you on how long to rest and may suggest alternative low-impact exercises so as to maintain mobility.

Summary

A Baker’s cyst can be uncomfortable; but symptoms can often be managed effectively with the right approach. Addressing the underlying cause, such as arthritis or a knee injury, is key to preventing recurrence and maintaining knee health.

Schedule an appointment with our professionals in order to discuss your symptoms and explore the best treatment options for you.